[Effect of initiation time of oral hydration on the return of bowel function and woman's satisfaction after elective caesarean section in primiparous women]

Abdominal operations as gynaecological procedures result in gastrointestinal dysmotility. Early feeding and ambulation are nonpharmacologic interventions which can be useful in re-initiation of bowel function. This study was done to evaluate the effect of early oral hydration on the return of bowel function and woman's satisfaction after elective caesarean section in primiparous women. In this randomized clinical trial, 120 primiparous women undergone elective cesarean section were assigned to control and intervention groups in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran during 2007. In the interventional group, oral hydration with liquids was started 4 hours after surgery regardless of presence of bowel sounds and solid food was started after bowel sounds appeared. The control group recieved liquid diet 12 hours after the operation if it was tolerated, they were given soft diet and regular food at the next meal. The return of bowel activity, time of ambulating, satisfaction, discharge from the hospital and complications were compared in two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS-15, Chi-Square, T and one way ANOVA tests. The mean postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds in interventional versus control groups were [9.5 +/- 1.38 and 12.5 +/- 2.5 hours] the first passage of flatus [15.7 +/- 3.61 vs.22.4 +/- 4.1 hours], time to first sensation of bowel movement [10.8 +/- 1.99 versus 15.7 +/- 3.4 hours] and defecation [18.9 +/- 3.65 versus 23.4 +/- 4.85 hours]. These differences were significant [P<0.05]. Also discharge from the hospital [0.96 +/- 0.18 versus 1.1 +/- 34 days] were significantly shorter in interventional group [P<0.05]. The women in the early feeding group got out of bed [patient mobilisation] earlier than their interventional group [14.1 hours versus 18.8 hours [P<0.05]. Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher among the early fed women [P<0.05]. Early oral hydration after elective cesarean section associated with rapid resumption of intestinal motility and increased woman's satisfaction

[Effect of Ginkgo biloba, risperidone and biperiden regimen in chronic schizophrenia]

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by a chronic recurrent course. Despite the availability of an ever-expanding range of typical and atypical antipsychotics, a substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a partial or total lack of response to antipsychotic monotherapy. This study was done to evaluate the clinical effects of Ginkgo biloba as an adjunct to the Risperidone and Biperiden in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 60 chronic schizophrenic patients in Sina hospital Shahrekord, Iran during 2009-10. Schizophrenia was diagnosed by DSM-IV-TR criteria. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Two groups were matched according to the age, sex, education, duration of illness. Patients in interventional group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day, Biperiden 4mg/day and Ginkgo biloba 240 mg/day for 12 weeks. The control group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day and Biperiden 4mg/day for 12 weeks. The scales for assessment of positive symptoms [SAPS] and assessment of negative symptoms [SANS] were recorded in prior, 6th and 12th weeks. Data analyzed by using SPSS-15 and student t-test. The mean score of positive symptoms were 55.7 +/- 2.1 and 74.4 +/- 2.3 in interventional and control groups, respectively [P<0.05] after 12 weeks. The mean score of negative symptoms were 63 +/- 1.3 and 69.3 +/- 1.8 in interventional and controls, respectivley [P<0.05] after 12 weeks. This study suggested that the use of Ginkgo biloba as an adjunct to Respridone and Biperiden was more effective than Risperidone with Biperiden regimen improving psychological condition of chronic schizophrenic patients

[Comparing the effects of spontaneous pushing versus Valsalva pushing technique on outcome of delivery in primiparous women]

The valsalva pushing technique is used routinely in the second stage of labor in many countries, and it is accepted as standard obstetric method in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spontaneous pushing, versus, valsalva pushing technique in birth on outcome of delivery in primiparas. This clinical trial study was conducted on 100 primiparas. Samples were randomized to either a spontaneous pushing group [open glottis pushing while breathing out] or a valsalva type pushing group [closed glottis pushing while holding their breath]. The length of stages of delivery, perineal tears, postpartum hemorrhage and satisfaction were evaluated in mothers and apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were evaluated in newborns. Data were analyzed using statistical Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and independent t-test. The duration of expulsion phase of the second stage of labor was significantly longer in valsalva-type pushing [P=0.004]. The result indicated that the incidence of episiotomy in spontaneous pushing group [P=0.003] and postpartum hemorrhage in valsalva pushing group [P=0.002] was more. The baby fared better with spontaneous pushing, with higher 1- minute apgar score. After the birth, women expressed greater satisfaction with spontaneous pushing. Educating women for the spontaneous pushing technique in the first stage of labor and providing support for spontaneous pushing in the second stage result in a shorter second stage without interventions and in improved newborn outcomes

[Effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis exracts on trichimonas vaginalis growth in vitro]

Trichimonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoa that cause trichomoniasis. Metronidazole which is drug of choice for treatment of this infection has many side effects so the patients are unsatisfied with its using, so it is necessary to seek for alternative drugs. Eucalyptus camaldulensis herb with strong anti-microbial affects is considered as an alternative drug. Investigating the effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis as an alternative drug Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Eucalyptus camaldulensis extraction was prepared using perculasion method. In test tubes containing parasite culture medium different concentrations of the plant extract were added. In other test tubes metronidazole or extract solvent as controls were added. 100 live Trichomonas vaginalis added to each tube and all tubes kept in 37°C and tested for presence of the parasite every 24 hours up to 72 hours. For this purpose 10 microliter of each tube examined under microscope. in tubes with higher concentration of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract and also in tube containing metronidazole no parasite was observed. In negative control tubes parasite had a normal growth. According to results of this study Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract had strong effects on Trichomonas vaginalis growth. Further investigation is recommended to use this plant as alternative drug for treatment of trichomoniasis

[Spinal injuries in aircrews following ejection]

The high speed and low altitude led to military aircrafts operate necessitated designing and manufacturing new systems to escape aircrews. The most important and common escape system is ejection seat. Although the ejection seats saved many aircrews, but they are associated with many injuries including spinal fractures due to the severe loading exerted during ejection. There are many studies investigated the spinal fractures following ejection but our knowledge about the incidence, patterns and causes of these injuries are insufficient. Furthermore, the incidence of spinal fractures reported in current studies using modern ejection systems is high enough to remind that the design and structure of the current seats must be modified to reduce the number of ejectees suffering from spinal fractures which may be followed by spinal cord injuries. The purpose of current study was to briefly review the available reports about the incidence and causes of spinal fractures in ejectors

[Comparison of the effect of Hoku point [LI4] acupressure with that of San-Yin-Jiao [SP6] acupressure on labor pain and the length of delivery time in primiparous women]

Labor pain is very severe. Unrelieved labor pain can increase catecholamine levels and have adverse effects on the mother and infant. Labor pain is usually accompanied by fear, which can cause slow progress of labor. Analgesic medications are not prescribed because of their adverse effects on women and their infants. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Hoku Point [LI4] acupressure and San-Yin-Jiao [SP6] acupressure on pain intensity in primiparous women during the active phase of labor in Iran Hospital in Iranshahr city in 2008-2009. This was a randomized controlled trial and included 90 primiparous women in Iran Hospital in Iranshahr. The subjects were randomly assigned into 3 equivalent groups [n=30]: Hoku, SanYinJiao and control groups. Data of each woman were recorded in a questionnaire. Labor pain was measured by means of a subjective labor pain scale [VAS], before and after the intervention at the stages of 4, 5, 8 and 10 cm cervical dilation. Length of delivery time was calculated in two stages: from 4 cm cervical dilation to 10 cm cervical dilation, and 10cm cervical dilatation to the delivery. The SanYinJiao group received acupressure at SanYinJiao point [four-finger widths patient's fingers above the tip of the inner malleous, just posterior to the border of tibia above the ankle], for 20 minutes on two feet during contractions. Hoku group received acupressure at Hoku Point [over the area of the web of skin between the thumb and the forefinger] in the same manner on both hands of the subjects. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the severity of the pain and post intervention at 4 cm dilatation, and post intervention at 4, 6 and 8 cervical dilation in the 3 groups [p<0/001]. There was not a significant difference at the stage of 10 cm cervical dilation between the groups [p=0.7]. There was a significant difference in the duration of the active phase of labor between 3 groups [p<0/001]. There was not a significant difference in the length of delivery time between the groups [p=0.7]. According to the results of this study, it seems that acupressure affects the intensity of labor pain and shortens the duration of the active phase of labor. Also acupressure may be useful for the women who prefer a nonpharmacological analgesia without side-effects

[ effect of chewing sugar free gum after elective cesarean-delivery on return of bowel function in primiparous women: a randomize clinical trial]

An important cause of delayed recovery from abdominal surgery is delay in return of bowel Function. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chewing sugar free gum after elective Cesarean-delivery on return of bowel function in primiparous women in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord. In a randomized clinical trial, 120 patients, who were scheduled for elective cesarean were randomly allocated to 2 groups of gum-chewing group [n=60] and control group [n=60] postoperatively. The patients in the gum-chewing group chewed postoperatively sugar free gum 4 times daily as soon as they recovered from anesthesia till the time they passed flatus or defecated. Control group recieved routine postoperative dietary management. The mean scores of postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal bowel sounds, passage of flatus, defecation and sensation of bowel movement were compared between the two groups. The data were then analyzed using chi square and t-test [p<0.05]. The mean postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds [6.5 +/- 1.5 versus 12.5 +/- 2.5 hours], the first passage of flatus [12.2 +/- 2.0 vs.22.4 +/- 4.1 hours], first sensation of bowel movement [7.4 +/- 1.7 versus 15.7 +/- 3.4 hours] and defecation [15.5 +/- 2.5 versus 23.4 +/- 4.8 hours] were significantly lower in the gum-chewing group compared with control group. [p<0.001]. The staying period in the hospital [0.96 +/- 0.18 versus 1.1 +/- 34 days] was significantly shorter in gum-chewing group. [p<0.001]. Chewing gum after elective Cesarean-delivery is safe, inexpensive and helpful which is well tolerated, and associated with rapid resumption of intestinal function and speeds recovery shorter hospital stay

[Comparison of mobilizing and immobilizing splints on hand motor function in stroke patients: a randomize clinical trial]

Among several methods for the treatment of wrist-fingers motor function impairment after stroke, splinting is a method commonly used as complementary option. But there are so many controversies surrounding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mobilizing and immobilizing splints on wrist-fingers motor function after stroke.In this experimental study, 31 stroke patients were selected and divided randomly into three groups including: mobilizing splint, immobilizing splint and control group. Participants in intervention groups wore their own splints for eight weeks, five days per week and on average six hours per day. Motor function was measured at baseline and the eighth week by fugl-meyer [FM] scale. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare scores of FM scale between three groups. Data analysis showed significant increase in motor function only in mobilizing splint group [p=0/001] and this increase was significant compared with other groups [p=0/001]. Based on these findings, using a mobilizing splint compared with immobilizing splint could have better functional results for treating wrist and finger motor impairment in post-stroke patients

[Effects of acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point [SP6] on labor pain and delivery time in nulliparous women]

Analgesics and anesthetic pain relief in labor often have unwanted sedative effects in the mothers and their newborns. It seems that using non-pharmacologic methods, such as acupressure, affect on labor pain and delivery time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SP6 acupressure on labor pain and delivery time in nulliparas women in Iranshahr hospital in 2008-2009. A randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 eligible nulliparas women who were at the beginning of active phase of labor [4 cm dilatation of cervix]. The women were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: SP6 acupressure or SP6 touch. The participants, received acupressure or SP6 acupoint, 3 Kun above the tip of the inner malleous just posterior to the border of tibia above the ankle, for 20 minute during contractions on two feet. Labor pain was measured four times with visual-analogue scale [VAS]: before and after the intervention in 4,6, 8 and 10 cm cervical dilation. Length of delivery time was calculated in two stages: from 4 cm cervical dilation to full cervical dilation and full cervical dilatation to the delivery. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistical, paired t-test, chi square and independent t-test. There was a significant reduction in the severity of pain in 4, 6 and 8 cervical dilatation in case group compared to control group [P<0.001]. The length of delivery time in active phase was less in case group compared to control group P<0.001, but there was hot difference in second place of delivery. SP6 acupressure may be applied in a non-invasive and easy to use fashion for pain control in the labor

[ comparison of life style with body mass index [BMI] of loss and more then 25 in individuals between 20-65 years in Shahrekord city]

The present study aimed to compare the habits and features of obese [BMI>25] and normal [BM<25] individuals and express a method to ameliorate the life styles using a cross-sectional experiment. Two groups of case [n=110] and control [n=100] subjects were randomly selected. The samples were then divided into two groups [obese and normal], respectively. For each group, BMI was calculated. It the obtained BMI was >25 kg/m[2] then it was designated in the case group [obese]. Samples with BMI between 2-25 kg/m[2] were assigned into the control [normal] group. The miller-Smith life style questionnaires were used for both groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests. No significant differences were found between the two groups tested in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, marital status insurance, the length of sleep during 24h, cigarette smoking and losing job or spouse. However, a significant relation was found in using vegetables, sausage, fried potatoes, enriched breads, low fat milk, low salt, candies and chocolates [P<0.05]. The present study suggests that on way to control obesity and prevent diseases is to ameliorate the life styles with education to people

[Effect of medicinal smokes on some nosocomial infection factors]

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a main problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. Thus, searching for alternative drug is essential in Iran and particularly Chaharmahal va bakhtiari province. People use medicinal smokes such as donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial property of donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. In this interventional and laboratory study, groups of Peganum harmala seed smoke and donkey dung were considered as case groups and antibiotic disks as positive control group. Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in suitable medium [Blood Agar, EMB and Mueller-Hinton agar]. Antibiogram blank disks were fumigated separately with Peganum harmala seed and female donkey dung smoke then placed on microbial plate with sterile methods. Following 48 hours incubation at 37°C, the zone of growth inhibition evaluated by measuring the zone around the disks. Fumigation process was done in special chest that designed for this research. We repeated fumigation each 20 minutes for 24 times. Data about measuring the zone of growth inhibition were analyzed by using and mean statistic exam. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Peganum harmala seed, and fdonkey dung smokes and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive to female donkey dung smoke. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to cloxacilllin and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive only to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The increasing time of fumigation in sensitive cases enhanced antimicrobial effects and the zone of growth inhibition. Antimicrobial effects of donkey dung smokes on resistance pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus revealed the necessity of performing expanded research about composition and property of this smoke

[Comparison of the effects of lecture and booklet methods on awareness and attention of parents of children with Thalassemia major]

Thalassemia is one of the most important genetic diseases in Iran. Warning of their parents about their children's disease prevents the related problems and reduces its complications. This study was aimed at comparing the influence of lecture and booklet methods on enhancement of awareness and attentions of parents of children with Thalassemia major. In this interventional study, a total of 90 parents of children with Thalassemia who referred to Hajar hospital for medical treatments, were selected using simple sampling and were randomly divided in three groups of 30 parents. The parents in lecture group attended for seasons of lecture for 30 min. each with 3 weeks interval. A booklet with the same contents as the lecture group was given to the booklet group without any intervention. A questionnaire was designed to gather some information about the disease from parents of all three groups. To determine the statistical relationships, student t-test, Spearman's correlation and of ANOVA tests were used. No significant differences were found among the three groups tested in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, job, number of affected children, and age of the children. The results showed that the mean of knowledge before and after the education in the lecture group was 10.53 +/- 4.37 and 16.5 +/- 4.73 [P<0.05] and in the booklet group was 10.7 +/- 3.06 and 14.6 +/- 2.7 [P<0.05], respectively. There was no significant difference between lecture and booklet groups based education. After the education, the knowledge in the two groups was significantly more than that in control group [P<0.05]. The results showed that lecture and booklet methods have positive effects on increasing of the parent's knowledge about the disease. Thus, providing of the booklet for the parents, particularly in the region with high prevalence of the disease, is recommended

[Comparison of two commonly used IUDs in pain and menstrual bleeding]

The intrauterine device [IUD] is the most widely used reversible method of contraception in the world. One of the most common side effects of intrauterine device is increasing of menstrual blood loss, which may cause discontinuation and iron - deficiency anemia. BY considering the effects of IUD type on menstrual bleeding this study was conducted to compare the side effects of T Cu 380A and Cu safe300 IUDs including bleeding, pain on during 3-month period in clients referring to family planning center of Shahrekord Hajar hospital. This study was a randomized single-blind clinical trial, during which 70 candidates applied for IUD were randomly placed in two groups of IUD T Cu 380A and Cu safe300. The major side effects were recorded in the following 1, 2, 3 months. The comparisons were made using t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square and Wilcoxon tests by SPSS soft ware. Menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrheal was more commonly occurred during the 3 month of implantation in both groups but bleeding and pain was significantly lower in Cu safe300 group than the other group. With regard in this study showed menstrual blood loss and dysmenorrheal in the 3 months after IUD insertion a in Cu safe300 users were less than T Cu380A users therefore recommending to be possible this kind IUD to distribute in the health centers

[ effects of group therapy on mental health condition in mothers of thalassemic patients]

Thalassemia is the most common hereditary chronic anemia in human. It causes terrible effects on psychological health condition of family members, especially mothers. Due to the advantages and a very few side effects of group therapy, the current study aimed at determining the effects of group therapy on mental health condition of the thalassemic patients' mothers. A clinical trial was conducted on 60 mothers of thalassemic patients in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord medical university and Seieed Al Shohada hospital in Farsan. At the beginning of the study all mothers were administered a demographic and mental health questionnaire [GHQ28] and among those who scored higher than 23, were randomly designated to the experimental and control groups. In the treatment period of the study the participants in the experimental group attended 8 weekly sessions of group therapy. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, and Pearson Correlation. Before the experiment there was no significant difference between the two groups of subjects in both questionnaires in all dimensions [P>0.05]. After the treatment period a significant difference was observed between the two groups in all dimensions of mental health [P<0.05]. The results also showed that there was no correlation between demographic variables and mental health conditions. The results of this study showed that group therapy has a considerable positive effect on recovery and improvement of mental health of mothers of the chronic patients, like thalassemia in all dimensions

[ effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor in primiparous women]

Labor pain is the most severe pain that most of women experience it. Using novel and supportive methods of relieving labor pains such as massage therapy, labor could be a pleasant and enjoyable experience. This study was conducted to determine the effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor pain in primiparous women. In this clinical trial study a total of 60 primiparous women who were hospitalized in Mahdieh and Hedayat hospitals of Tehran were selected using simple random sampling and randomly divided into two groups of control and case [massage therapy]. The severity of pain before intervention [at the beginning of active phase] in the 4, 8, and 10 cm cervical dilation was measured in both groups by means of a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. Duration of the first and the second and type of delivery in both groups were investigated. Data in the two groups were compared using independent t and Chai-square tests. Before intervention, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Mean of severity of pain [at the beginning of the active phase] was 5.88 +/- 1.07 and 6.75 +/- 1.39 in the case the control, respectively [P<0.01]. At the beginning of transitional phase, it was 7.09 +/- 0.89 and 8.54 +/- 1.06 [P<0.05] and at the end of the first stage was 9.16 +/- and 9.73, respectively [P<0.05]. The duration of the first stage of the delivery in the case and control was 246.16 +/- 98.82 and 362.50 +/- 111.84, respectively. Regarding the effect of massage therapy in both decreasing of labor pain and in the acceleration of delivery, education and then using of the method in labor centers would result in decreasing of proposed caesarean sections

Analysis of international organizational and management standards in midwifery education and recommendation of appropriate national standards

Today, moving toward high quality and efficient education is essential in educational systems. To achieve it, management, research and educational programs should evolve consistent with the produced knowledge, professional developments and standards. Regarding the important role of midwifery education in improvement of social health, the current study was carried out to identify the international organizational and management standards in midwifery education and to recommend appropriate national standards. This is a triangulation study which was fulfilled in 1381 and 1382, in seven steps. In first three steps, following search and collection of standards of various countries, the survey tool which consists of the fields and recommended standards was designed. In steps four to seven, these fields and standards were surveyed through an opinion poll; using Delphi's method. Sampling population was all the midwifery national board members and heads of midwifery departments in governmental university which at least offer B. Sc of midwifery. The standards should be marked as appropriate, relatively appropriate and inappropriate by participants. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. After analyzing the opinions; using Delphi's method, the results were proposed as 37 recommended standards. They were grouped as 13 standards in the field of missions and objectives and 24 standards in the field of organizational and management structure. Extracting organizational and management standards of midwifery and recommending the proper national standards help the planners in defining the missions, visions and goals of the systems. It would also help the authorities in designing proper organizational and management structure and evaluating the midwifery management system

[ effect of occupational therapy on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients]

Poor social, self-care, and vocational functioning are criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia in most diagnostic systems. Consequently, improving the social behaviors of persons with schizophrenia has been a key target of psychiatric rehabilitation. The occupational therapy is a non organic therapeutic that causes elevated self stem, foppishness and strengthening of occupational behaviour. The aim of this survey is the effect of occupational therapy on the positive and negative symptom's of schizophrenic patients with bear out their symptoms. This survey is an experimental study that, positive and negative symptom's of schizophrenic patients assessed with scale for the assessment of positive and negative symptoms. Then the samples consisted of schizophrenic patients divided randomly into case [30] and control [30] groups. Occupational therapy was performed in case group within a period 20 hours in week for 6 months, then patiants assessed repeatly with SAPS.SANS. Quantative analysis of data was undertaken by using paired and dependent t students tesats and Willcoxon test .Results demonestrated the mean of the total score of negative symptom 72.5 +/- 19.5 and posetive symptom 112 +/- 32.57. Also occupational therapy effected on the posetive and negative symptom's of schizophrenic patiants. In posetive symptom occupational therapy effected on the hallusination and bizzare behaviour [P<0.001], for all noeffected on dellusions and thought. In negative symptom occupational therapy effected on the apathy and involition, attention disorders, anhedonia and thought disorders [P<0.001], for all noeffected on inappropiate affect. The occupational therapy is a non organic therapuitic that causes elevated self steem, foppishness and strengthening of occupational behaviour

[ viewpoints of students and educators, in faculty of nursing and midwifery of Shahrekord university of medical sciences, about the effective factors in academic improvement of students, 2004]

The development of each community is influenced by its educated individuals. Therefore, recognition of influencing factors in academic improvement of students and attention to these factors are essential for persistent development. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effective factors and compare the viewpoints of the students and educators, in faculty of nursing and midwifery of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, about the effect of these factors. In this descriptive-analytical study which performed in 2004, a total of 232 students, from faculty of nursing and midwifery, educating in third semester or higher and 22 of their educators were examined based on census sampling. The viewpoints about influencing factors on academic improvement were collected by questionnaires including two sections: the first section included demographic questions and the second contained 47 questions in 6 fields. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistic [general linear model and multivariate analysis of variance]. The findings showed that there was significant relationship between gender, diploma grade-point average, semester or course and academic improvement [P<0.05]. Also from students' viewpoints about influencing factors on academic improvement the upper score belongs to educational content [4.46 +/- 0.63] and the lower score belongs to students' factors [3.85 +/- 0.63] although from educators' viewpoints the upper score belongs to educational content [4.33 +/- 0.68] and the lower score belongs to socioeconomic factors [3.67 +/- 0.71]. The most difference among viewpoints belongs to socioeconomic status [P<0.05] and educational environment domains [P<0.01]. Paying attention to educational quality by medical and science courses designers may have important effects on academic improvement in the students